What Is Public or Community Archaeology

Public Archaeology (called Community Archaeology in the UK) is the practice of presenting archaeological data and interpretations of that data to the public. It seeks to engage the interest of members of the public, passing along what archaeologists have learned, by way of books, pamphlets, museum displays, lectures, television programs, Internet websites, and excavations which are open to visitors. Often, public archaeology has an expressly stated goal to encourage the preservation of archaeological ruins, and, less commonly, continued government support of excavation and preservation studies associated with construction projects. Such publicly funded projects are part of what is known as Heritage Management (HM) or Cultural Resource Management (CRM). Much of public archaeology is conducted by museums, historical societies, and professional archaeology associations. Increasingly, CRM studies in the United States and Europe have required a public archaeology component, arguing that the results paid for by a community should be returned to that community. Public Archaeology and Ethics However, archaeologists must also face a range of ethical considerations when developing public archaeology projects. Such ethical considerations include the minimizing of looting and vandalism, the discouragement of international trade in antiquities, and privacy issues associated with studied peoples. Looting: Making the location of an archaeological site known to the public, or imparting information concerning the artifact assemblage recovered from a known site may make it attractive to looters, people who want to rob the site of artifacts which may still be buried there. Vandalism: Many aspects of archaeological research are difficult for the general public to accept, such as aspects of the differences between cultures and past cultural behaviors of modern people. Reporting information about the past that makes a particular cultural group look less than ideal (e.g., evidence of slavery or cannibalism), or elevate one group over another can result in​ targeted vandalism of the ruins. International Trade: Laws prohibiting international trade in artifacts looted from archaeological sites are not consistent nor consistently followed. Showing pictures of precious objects recovered from archaeological sites arguably makes those objects more worth having, and thus can unwitting ly encourage trade in antiquities, which can lead to additional looting. Privacy Issues: Some cultural groups, particularly minorities and under-represented peoples, feel sensitive about their past being used for what they may view as essentially a Euro-American past-time. Presenting archaeological data that reveals secular or religious information about a particular group may be offensive to such groups, particularly if members of the group are not participants in the research. Presenting Coherent Public Archaeology The problem is straightforward  if the answer is not. Archaeological research tends to reveal one sliver of truth about the past, colored by a range of preconceptions on the part of the excavator, and the decayed and broken pieces of the archaeological record. However, that data often reveals things about the past that people dont want to hear. So, the public archaeologist walks the line between celebrating the past and encouraging its protection, revealing some unpleasant truths about what being a human being is like  and supporting the ethical and fair treatment of people and cultures everywhere. Public Archaeology is not, in short, for sissies. I want to sincerely thank all of the scholars who continue to help me bring their academic research to the general public, sacrificing time and effort to assure that I present considered, thoughtful and accurate descriptions of their research. Without their input, the Archaeology at About.com site would be much poorer. Sources and Further Information A Bibliography of Public Archaeology, consisting of publications since 2005, has been created for this page. Public Archaeology Programs This is only a handful of the many public archaeology programs available in the world. Community Archaeology Ltd, Yorkshire, EnglandFlorida Public archaeology Network, based in Pensacola Yates Community Public Archaeology, Carol McDavids pioneering program on the Levi Jordan Plantation in Brazzoria, TexasPublic Archaeology Facility research center at University of Binghamton The Dirt on Public Archaeology, blog Public Archaeology Laboratory, CRM firm based in Rhode Island Center for Heritage Resources Studies, Maryland Peralta Hacienda Park, Oakland California Other Definitions of Public Archaeology Public Archaeology at the SAA Public Archaeology, The Matrix

Relationship between Daoism Confucianism - 864 Words

Ethan Martinez Rel1300 Dr. Benjamin Murphy October 21, 2013 Relationship Between Daoism Confucianism History has shown us, that Daoism and Confucianism have many things in common as well as many differences, let me start with what is Daoism and Confucianism. Daoism is also known as Taoism, is a religious tradition originated from China in the 550 B.C.E, it was founded by Lao Tzu, a great philosopher and the author of the â€Å"Dao De Jing† .The â€Å"Dao De Jing† or â€Å"Tao Te Ching† is a Chinese text that contains 81 chapters explaining the â€Å"ways† of Chinese life, it is often used by the monks or persons that practice the Daoism. Daoism’s main focus is on nature, and not on the social world. Compassion, moderation and humility are also focuses†¦show more content†¦Daoism means â€Å"Followers of the way†, although Dao does not means only â€Å"way†. According to the BBC religion, the word Dao or Tao can include several concepts such as â€Å"the source of creation†, â€Å"the ultimate†, â€Å"the unname able† ,â€Å"the way of nature as a whole†, â€Å"the natural universe as a whole† and â€Å"the inexpressible and indefinable.† In Taoism they believe in way of living in which there were not many rules and believes in the philosophy of inaction. They say that you can find happiness through nature and harmony. Also this is where yin and yang come from. As we can see, there are major differences between Daoism and Confucianism, but one of them is very important, the life after death. For Confucians life after death is not a big thing, Confucius said that there was no point on speculating about things that nobody can know anything about. But after you die, you deserve to be worshipped as an ancestor. This is the exact opposite in Daoism, they believe that the soul survives after death and has the ability to travel through space. They also believe in immortality, but immortality doesn t mean living for ever in the physical body, the idea is that as the Daoist draws closer and closer to nature throughoutShow MoreRelatedAncient Chinese Philosophies : Comparisons Between Lao And Confucius1476 Words   |  6 PagesAncient Chinese Philosophies: Comparisons between Lao Su and Confucius Daoism and Confucianism are two of China’s oldest religions. Both of these men’s teachings largely affect China’s belief system today, and both still widely practiced and still have temples all over the world. Confucianism helped shape China’s education system that still stands today, and Daoism has been helping people understand â€Å"the way† of life since the Han Dynasty. They are both very similar to each other, but at the sameRead MoreComparing Karma, Reincarnation, Rebirth, Moksha, and Nirvana644 Words   |  3 PagesDescribe the difference between Karma, Reincarnation, Rebirth, Moksha, and Nirvana in relation to both Hinduism and Buddhism. Karma is the connotation of causality that past actions influence future events. This is the same for both Buddhism and Hinduism. Both also believe in an endless cycle of births known as endless cycle of births, known as samsara. and release from this cycle of rebirths. Hindus believe in an everlasting soul (atman) that is reincarnated almost intact from birth to birth,Read MoreInfluences of China Essay698 Words   |  3 Pages Daoism, Confucianism, and Legalism To understand China’s current government you need to look at its influences. Daoism involves a deep acceptance of the rhythms of nature and the way of all things (World Religions); which effects people’s personal beliefs and is one of China’s main religions. Confucianism helped pave the way for communism and still is a powerful philosophy today. The ideas of Legalism directly affect the Chinese government. Despite the fact that modern China is one of the largestRead MoreEssay on Confucianism and Daoism795 Words   |  4 PagesConfucianism and Daoism Confucian and Daoist views were important for the shaping and development of mankind in the past. They were views that existed among the eastern Asian countries. They had both similarities and differences in the way they shaped out self-knowledge and self-cultivation. Also there was other outside forces that played a major role in their theories. Nature and art were said to have helped shape the human race as we know it. Confucianism and Daoism seem to be complete polarRead MoreSimilarities Between Confucianism And Confucianism893 Words   |  4 Pages For centuries, Eastern religions and philosophies of Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism Daoism have been practiced by millions. Three similarities distinguishable by all four practices is the focus and teachings of virtuous humanistic practices, compassion and respect for the world around us. Although, similar in intentions each system carries unique attributes. In 1027 BCE after the rebel tribe, Zhou overthrew the Shang dynasty a time of cultural sophistication, and philosophical achievementRead MoreThere Are So Many Religions In The World Today That It1741 Words   |  7 Pages There are so many religions in the world today that it would take several lifetimes to fully understand each and every one. Luckily, we will just be discussing the four major Eastern religions in this essay which are Hinduism, Daoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism. Each religion has similar ideas when it comes to the lack of value of the material world and finding true spiritual meaning but differs in many things. For instance, how to escape the material world, practices, the purpose in life, and moralRead MoreEssay on The Daoism and the Confucianism in Han Dynasty1623 Words   |  7 PagesThe Daoism and the Confucianism in Han Dynasty Yang Yu History 135: Imperial Chinese History Professor: Robert J. Culp Paper I March 4th, 2011 The Daoism and the Confucianism in Han Dynasty As the dominant philosophical school for around two thousand years in Chinese imperial history, Confucianism is always regarded as the most representative ideology of China, associated with numerous books, poems, artworks and stories that glorify Confucianism’s permeation into every corner of ChineseRead MoreEvaluate the Changes and Continuities in the Role of Religion in Chinese Society from 600 to 1450.1043 Words   |  5 PagesBuddhism flourished during the Sui and Tang dynasty, it faced opposition from the government during the Song dynasty. Confucianism lost government endorsement during the Sui and Tang but gained momentum during the Song as Neo-Confucianism. Yuan dynasty promoted Islam and Tibet Buddhism but ignored Confucianism. Different rulers sponsored and protected different religions but Confucianism and some form of Buddhism have always been alive in Chinese society from 600 to 1450. After much political disunityRead MoreTaoism, Confucianism, And Buddhism Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesI plan to pursue how the religion was affected by the culture in which it arose. Specifically focusing on the fact that there are no real deities in Taoism. How Taoism, or Daoism, was shaped and influenced by Chinese culture, as well as presenting how Daoism has formed and prospered in Chinese civilization with both Confucianism and Buddhism as an influence. The teachings of the Dao De Jin, or Tao Te Ching, and other religious text will be explored in the context of societal influence. According toRead MoreSimilarities Between Confucianism And Taoism794 Words   |  4 Pages Confucianism and Daoism are both chinese religions. They both incorporated religious practices with daily activities in a way that it pertained to philosophy as well as religion, making the secular sacred. Confucianism was grounded in ethics and virtuous socio-political conditions. Daoism, also known as Taoism, sought to establish the proper relation between humans and the cosmos through discernment of the Tao, or Way. Confucianists are more concerned with social relationships and Taoism is of

Don’t Bother to Knock Free Essays

Don’t Bother to Knock Different types of communication are used throughout the movie. I will limit myself to the analysis of types of communication between Jed and Nell. Nell is brought into the hotel room, and meets the parents of Bunny, the little girl she will be babysitting. We will write a custom essay sample on Don’t Bother to Knock or any similar topic only for you Order Now The parents swirl out, leaving simple instructions. Once Bunny goes to bed, Nell is left alone in the apartment. When she is alone, all you see is the sadness; therefore, she sends a facial message. In the introduction to the parents, and in her dealings with her uncle, she tries to keep it together, and put on a social happy expression, using the hidden self, but once alone, the mask is off. Meanwhile, another story goes on between Jed, a pilot, who’s been dating Lynn; a lounge singer in the hotel. Jed is obviously a â€Å"friends with benefits† type situation. Lyn is not the type to put the pressure on him to commit. She finally has come to the decision that she can’t be with him anymore. Lyn says, â€Å"You lack what I need. You lack an understanding heart. Pissed, Jed goes to his room, and then catches a glimpse in the window across the way, of Nell, dressed up in a gown, dancing around by herself. Eventually, she notices him, and they begin a nonverbal communication which may leads to a metamessage. He figures out her room number from the floor plan on the back of the door, and calls her, moving from nonverbal communication to interpersonal communicati on. They sit and talk on the phone, staring at each other from window to window, the mystery of the connection; interpersonal attraction enters the game. Jed, a guy out for a good time, and lonely guy, only sees the body at first. He looks at Nell, and sees a very beautiful woman and he thinks: I have hit the jackpot. There’s also certain passivity in Nell, a certain willingness that makes you think she would be â€Å"easy†, but this may be an overattribution from Jed. Jed having self-esteem thinks that it will be pretty easy to capture this woman for the night. To increase his accuracy, Jed decided to pay a visit to the young lady. Over the devastating course of their next couple of scenes, when he invites himself over to her room, he begins to realize that something is not right. They flirt, they drink, they kiss, and through their interactions, something opens up in Nell, she projects onto him all of her hopes and dreams, which is alarming, so early in the game, and calls to mind fatal attraction. She loves him immediately, she self-disclosures, (first time they meet) showing inadequate interpersonal skills, therefore lack of effective emotional communication. Instead of taking advantage of what he thinks he deserves anyway (after all, she invited him over, she’s in a negligee, she knows exactly what he wants! , Jed using his effective and active skills of listening, shows his â€Å"understanding heart†; he just knows that seducing this woman would be wrong, but stays with her and offers help. When Nell and Jed neck on the couch, the little girl whom Nell is tending surprises the spooning couple, this drives the psychotic Nell over the edge, forcing Jed to try to keep the baby-sitter from harming both herself and the child, and once again showi ng his ability to interpersonal conflict management. How to cite Don’t Bother to Knock, Essay examples

Past - Present - and Future of Economic Growth †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Past, Present, and Future of Economic Growth. Answer: Introduction One of the predominant economies in the global framework, which has shown immense growth and impressive development trends over the years and has developed phenomenally despite all the fluctuations and downturns time and again, is the economy of Japan. Being an island of 378,000 square kilometres, Japan is one of the most developed market economy in the global framework, ranking third globally in terms of nominal GDP and also ranking fourth in terms of the purchasing power parity (Hughes, 2013). The island country enjoys an extensively developed manufacturing as well as service sector and is the proud owner of the largest electronics commodity industry in the world and is counted as the third largest manufacturer of automobiles in the world. Over the years, the economy of Japan has been subjected to considerable fluctuations and dynamics, owing to the geographical and locational vulnerabilities and the huge natural calamities which have occurred in the country over time. Disasters like that of the Great East Japan Earthquake (2011) as well as the Tsunamis have led to widespread destructions of the economy of the country as a whole. Apart from the natural disasters, the country has also been subjected to various economic and commercial phenomena like that of the Global Financial Crisis of 2008, which had immense negative implications on the economy of the country (Lockwood, 2015). The country has however, managed to overcome these crisis with time, much of which can be attributed to the technological advancements and increased capabilities of the people of the country to adapt to different situations. Japan is considered to be one of the most innovating countries in the contemporary global framework and is known to compensate its lack of natural resources and oil or gas by their technological infrastructures (Dore, 2013). However, the country has been experiencing a decrease in the population and a relative aging of the same, with 27% of the total population of the country being over 65 years (2016) (Cook Halsall, 2012). Keeping these aspects of the economy of the country into consideration, the following section tries to analyse the economic performance of the country in the time span of 2007 to 2016. The growth and development of a country consists of development dynamics of different aspects of the country, of which the economic growth is of utmost importance as much of the welfare of the residents of the country depends on the attributes like their income status, standard of living, employment scenario, the facilities which they enjoy, the advantages which they are entitles to get from the government as well as the stability in the economy of the country (Morrison, 2012). Thus, it can be asserted that the economic development and performance of a country over the years can be analysed by observing the trends of the different economic indicators like productivity, employment and inflation statistics. Keeping this into consideration, the economic performance of Japan can be observed and analysed as follows: One of the primary indicators of economic growth which is widely used in the global framework is the Gross Domestic Product of the country, which shows the total value of the commodities and services produced within the geographical boundaries of the country within a particular span of time, which is usually considered to be one economic year. The GDP of Japan can be seen as follows: However, the Nominal GDP does not show the actual productivity growth as it cannot differentiate between the rise of GDP due to increase in output and increase in price. In this aspect, the Real GDP acts as a more authentic indicator of economic growth of a country, as it measures the growth of output by keeping the price levels same as that of the base year taken (Rodrik, 2014). As is evident from the above figure, the Real GDP of Japan has been subjected to huge fluctuations in the first part of the time span (2007-2016). The most notable drop in the growth variable was found to be in 2008-2009, which can be attributed to the Global Financial Crisis which occurred in the international economic scenario at that point of time. The slump in the Real GDP growth of the country was a ripple effect of the Financial Crisis which started as a sub-prime mortgage crisis in the United States of America in 2008 and percolated to almost all the major economies in the country. The effects were considerably felt in the economy of Japan as the stock prices fell drastically, which was also related with the loss of productivity of the economy (Ando Kimura, 2012). The inflow of investments as well as sales of the Japanese commodities and services to other parts of the world were hampered significantly. The economy went to a severe recessionary period with the businesses suffering immense loss and stagnation. However, the Real GDP of the country started recovering post 2010 and the same has maintained a more or less positive trend in the current period (post 2010) as can be seen from the above figure. However, the Real GDP of the country cannot show the individual welfare of the people living in the country, for which the Per-Capita Real GDP has to be considered, which is as follows: From the above figure it can be seen that barring the period of acute economic crisis (2008-2009), the country maintained a more or less positive (though moderate) in the per-capita GDP over the last few years. However, the per capita GDP is seen to be comparatively low as compared to the huge numbers which can be seen in the GDP of the country. This is due to the increased population and population density of the country and an increasing share of economically non-productive old age population in the country (Katagiri, 2012). Governments Strategy Framework As can be seen from the above discussion, the productivity of the economy of Japan has been compromised for several times, including the periods of 2008-2009 and also in 2011, due to the massive earthquake which took place. To combat these situations and to take the economy on a constant path of progress, the government has primarily taken various policies which are mainly of the type of expansionary fiscal policies (Baker, Bloom Davis, 2016). Both after the period of Global Economic Crisis as well as after the earthquake of 2011, the government has employed policies of low tax rates and has also initiated rigorous and aggressive policies to promote innovations so as to improve the productivity in the economy. Over the years the trade relations of Japan have grown substantially as can be seen from the following figure: The country has increased its exports considerably post the crisis period of 2008 and has the same has maintained a more or less stable pattern despite the trivial fluctuations (Kajitani, Chang Tatano, 2013). The performance of any economy also depends on the dynamics in the labour market of the economy which not only have implications on the productivity of the country as a whole but also affects the economic welfare of the employers in terms of employment, wages, work conditions and standard and quality of life enjoyed by the same (Atkinson Storey, 2016). Keeping this into consideration, the labour market performance of the economy of Japan, within the period of 2007 and 2016, can be seen with the help of the following economic indicators and their trends over time: The economic welfare of the residents of a country is primarily measured by the employment scenario in the country. Higher the rate of unemployment of the country, lower is the economic welfare of the residents of that country. The unemployment rate of Japan, which rose to a considerable extent in 2008, is seen to be decreasing noticeably after 2009, with the rates being as low as 3% in 2016. The strikingly high rate of unemployment in 2008-2009, can be attributed to the loss of jobs in the economy attributed to the Global Financial Crisis of 2008. In general, there exists different types of unemployment in a country: a) Frictional Unemployment- The type of unemployment which is transpired in the existence of phenomena like lay-offs and job switches in the labour market of an economy is known as frictional unemployment. This unemployment includes the transitory period between leaving a job and settling in a new one. An economy with high frictional unemployment indicates towards a lack of presence of job satisfaction and high job switching tendencies of the individuals in the economy. b) Structural Unemployment- A more prolonged type of unemployment is the structural unemployment as it arises primarily due to permanent events like shift in technological patterns and similar factors which leads to redundancy of the skills of many workers, thereby leading to their lay off. These workers do not get absorbed in mainstream employment easily. Thus, structural unemployment has more negative implications than any other form of employment (Goodwin et al., 2013). c) Cyclical Unemployment- The type of unemployment which occurs in an economy during the slow-downs like depressions, recession and natural calamities. Though mass unemployment occurs due to these types of incidents, however, the effects are mostly short term and the labour market of the economy re-stabilizes soon. Scenario in Japan The labour market in Japan mostly faces structural unemployment due to the continuous innovations in the economy which in turn leads to the creation of more capital-intensive industries and demand for human capital which in turn keeps on displacing labours from their employment (Pecc.org, 2018). Frictional employment is not that frequent in the economy of the country due to the presence of robust government policies and also high employee loyalty. However, Japan often faces recessionary situations due to the geographical vulnerabilities of the country. These often leads to high cyclical unemployment, which however are mitigated with time. The primary reason behind the low frictional unemployment of the country is the presence of robust employment policies in the scenario, including that of the Simultaneous Job-Recruiting for New Graduates, which enables the new graduates of the country to get absorbed in the workforce. However, the frequent occurrence of natural calamities hampers the employment sector substantially. The government of Japan, however, proves to be efficient in terms of disaster management, employment promotion and creation of new temporary job scopes even in these periods of crisis, which include jobs in medical services, emergency services and reconstruction of the destroyed infrastructure. The economic welfare of a country and its residents also depend on the price level prevailing in the economy in general, which is measured by the inflation rates in the economy. Inflation shows the increase in the price levels in a country with time. Inflation can be of two types: Demand Pull Inflation- When the price of commodities and services increase in an economy due to excessive increase in the aggregate demand in the economy, then the type of inflation occurring in the economy is known as the demand-pull inflation. Cost push Inflation- The price of commodities may also increase due to the increase in the cost of production of the same, which may be attributed to the increase in the cost of the raw materials and factors of production. This type of inflation is known as cost push inflation (Bose, 2012). The fluctuations however attained peaks during 2008 and 2014-2015, the former one being due to the Global Financial Crisis. The second one however, was an outcome of a planned policy implementation on part of the government to take the economy out of the deflationary situation of 2010-2013. The effect of inflation on the residents of a country can be seen with the help of the Consumer Price Index, which is a measure of the weighed mean of the prices of a commodity basket, consisting of the usual necessary goods and services used by the resident of the country. As is evident from the above figure the CPI rose substantially post 2014, due to the initiative taken by the government of Japan to come out of the deflationary situation and is considered to be temporary. However, according to some economists this hike in the price level, if continues for a prolonged period can lead to cost push inflation, thereby hurting the economy as a whole and its residents. Apart from a few fluctuations, the country has mostly gone through a state of deflation, which is also hurting to the economy as acute deflation indicates stagnancy in demand and supply, thereby taking the country on the path of a recession. The government has responded in terms of implementation of monetary easing strategies. However, during 2008, when the inflation went considerably high, the contractionary monetary policies taken by the government successfully brought down the inflation. However, in the current period, not much success is being observed in terms of the policies taken by the government in terms of fighting deflation (BBC News, 2018). Conclusion From the above discussion it can be seen that the economy of Japan has been subjected to considerable fluctuations, attributed to the natural disasters as well as the economic crisis faced by the country over the time. The economy was badly affected by the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 as well as the Earthquake of 2011. However, the efficient government policies have helped the country to come out of those economic downturns. However, the country has been fighting deflation for quite a long period of time and the extreme measures taken by the government in this aspect brings the threat of a cost push inflation in the future, if not controlled appropriately. References Ando, M., Kimura, F. (2012). How did the Japanese exports respond to two crises in the international production networks? The global financial crisis and the great east Japan earthquake.Asian Economic Journal,26(3), 261-287. Atkinson, J., Storey, D. J. (Eds.). (2016).Employment, the small firm and the labour market. Routledge. Baker, S. R., Bloom, N., Davis, S. J. (2016). Measuring economic policy uncertainty.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,131(4), 1593-1636. BBC News. (2018).Japan inflation rate at 23-year high.BBC News. Retrieved 31 March 2018, from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-27615551 Bose, S. (2012). Inflation: Sources, Challenges and Policy Options.Economic and Political Weekly, 27-30. Cook, I. G., Halsall, J. (2012). Aging in Japan. InAging in comparative perspective(pp. 37-45). Springer, Boston, MA. Data.worldbank.org. (2018).GDP (current US$) | Data.Data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 31 March 2018, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?end=2016locations=JPstart=2007 Dore, R. (2013).Flexible rigidities: Industrial policy and structural adjustment in the Japanese economy, 1970-1980. AC Black. Goodwin, N., Nelson, J., Harris, J., Torras, M., Roach, B. (2013).Macroeconomics in context. ME Sharpe. Hughes, C. W. (2013).Japan's economic power and security: Japan and North Korea. Routledge. International Monetary Fund. (2018).Imf.org. Retrieved 31 March 2018, from https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDP_RPCH@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD/SRB/JPN Japan Inflation Rate | 1958-2018 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast. (2018).Tradingeconomics.com. Retrieved 31 March 2018, from https://tradingeconomics.com/japan/inflation-cpi Kajitani, Y., Chang, S. E., Tatano, H. (2013). Economic impacts of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and tsunami.Earthquake Spectra,29(s1), S457-S478. Katagiri, M. (2012).Economic Consequences of Population Aging in Japan: effects through changes in demand structure(No. 12-E-03). Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan. Lockwood, W. W. (2015).Economic Development of Japan. Princeton University Press. Morrison, C. J. (2012).A microeconomic approach to the measurement of economic performance: Productivity growth, capacity utilization, and related performance indicators. Springer Science Business Media. Pecc.org. (2018).The 26th Pacific Economic Community Seminar.Pecc.org. Retrieved 31 March 2018, from https://www.pecc.org/resources/labor/1873-examining-the-mid-and-long-term-structural-unemployment-in-asia-pacific-session2-japan-united-s/file Rodrik, D. (2014). The past, present, and future of economic growth.Challenge,57(3), 5-39. Tradingeconomics.com. (2018).Japan Exports | 1963-2018 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast | News.Tradingeconomics.com. Retrieved 31 March 2018, from https://tradingeconomics.com/japan/exports Tradingeconomics.com. (2018).Japan GDP per capita | 1960-2018 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast.Tradingeconomics.com. Retrieved 31 March 2018, from https://tradingeconomics.com/japan/gdp-per-capita Tradingeconomics.com. (2018).Japan Unemployment Rate | 1953-2018 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast.Tradingeconomics.com. Retrieved 31 March 2018, from https://tradingeconomics.com/japan/unemployment-rate